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3 article(s) from Fleming, Andrew J.

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

David M. Harcombe,
Michael G. Ruppert and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

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Figure 1: (a) Schematic diagram of sample topography amplitude-modulating a cantilever the oscillation of whi...

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Figure 2: Visualization of off-mode rejection in the frequency domain for a demodulator magnitude frequency r...

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Figure 3: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency lock-in amplifier implementation. The zoom-box displ...

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Figure 4: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency coherent demodulator implementation. The zoom-box di...

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Figure 5: Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter implementation.

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Figure 6: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency Lyapunov filter implementation. The zoom-box display...

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Figure 7: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency direct-design filter implementation. The zoom-box di...

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Figure 8: Experimental off-mode rejection results. Here each multifrequency demodulator is on a single row an...

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Figure 9: Experimental amplitude estimation error and power spectral density of amplitude estimation for the ...

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Figure 10: Higher-harmonic amplitude AFM imaging performed with the fundamental mode of a TAP190G cantilever o...

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Review

Published 07 Jan 2020

Full text

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

David M. Harcombe,
Michael G. Ruppert,
Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

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Figure 1: Block diagram of the multifrequency AFM control loop.

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Figure 2: Block diagram of a single-frequency Lyapunov filter. The pink shaded area highlights the calculatio...

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Figure 3: Block diagram of a multifrequency Lyapunov filter.

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Figure 4: (a) Simulated and (b) experimentally obtained frequency responses of the Lyapunov filter with a car...

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Figure 5: Experimental frequency responses from a single-frequency Lyapunov filter with five carrier frequenc...

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Figure 6: The effect of channel cross-coupling on tracking bandwidth for a system based on two frequencies. T...

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Figure 7: Experimental and simulated off-mode rejection frequency responses for both (a–e) fast demodulator (...

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Figure 8: Experimental frequency response of the NSG01 cantilever in free air and the power spectrum of the t...

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Figure 9: Higher harmonic (amplitude) AFM imaging with a (a–f) lock-in amplifier and (g–l) multifrequency Lya...

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Figure 10: Experimental frequency response of the DMASP cantilever in free air and the power spectrum of the t...

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Figure 11: Higher-harmonic AFM imaging performed with the fundamental mode of the DMASP cantilever on a PS/LPD...

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Full Research Paper

Published 08 Feb 2018

Full text

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

Michael G. Ruppert,
David M. Harcombe,
Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
S. O. Reza Moheimani and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

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Figure 1: (a) Time-domain example of an amplitude modulated signal with carrier frequency f_c = 50 Hz, modulat...

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Figure 2: Classification of demodulation methods discussed in this paper.

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Figure 3: (a) Functional block diagram of the lock-in amplifier implementation and (b) illustrative double-si...

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Figure 4: (a) Functional block diagram of the high-bandwidth lock-in amplifier implementation and (b) illustr...

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Figure 5: General block diagram of the Kalman filter for demodulation. Thick lines indicate vector-valued sig...

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Figure 6: Functional block diagram of the Lyapunov filter implementation.

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Figure 7: Functional block diagram of (a) moving average filter and (b) mean absolute deviation measurement t...

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Figure 8: Functional block diagram of (a) the peak hold method and (b) the modified peak hold method based on...

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Figure 9: Functional block diagram of the coherent demodulator implementation.

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Figure 10: Schematic signal flow of the numerical integration scheme employed by the coherent demodulator with...

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Figure 11: Tracking bandwidth frequency response of the demodulators showing the −3 dB tracking bandwidth and ...

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Figure 12: Off-mode rejection of the demodulators for a carrier frequency of f_c = 50 kHz and a tracking bandwi...

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Figure 13: Off-mode rejection of (a) fourth-order lock-in amplifier and (b) first-order Kalman filter for a ca...

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Figure 14: Schematic block diagram of the reference experiment of filtering a band-limited white noise process...

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Figure 15: Schematic block diagram of bandwidth-vs-noise experiment of recovering an amplitude-modulated band-...

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Figure 16: Tracking bandwidth vs total integrated noise (TIN) for each demodulator (blue circles) and for a lo...

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Figure 17: (a) Frequency response of the DMASP cantilever in open-loop (blue) and for various quality factor c...

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Figure 18: 3D image, 2D image and cross section of amplitude estimates obtained from (a) lock-in amplifier wit...

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Figure 19: 3D image, 2D image and cross section of amplitude estimates obtained from (a) lock-in amplifier wit...

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Figure 20: Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter implementation. Thick lines indicate vector-valued si...

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Figure 21: Maximum tracking bandwidth of (a) coherent demodulator (n = 6) and (b) half-period coherent demodul...

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Figure 22: Relationship between demodulator tuning variable and achievable tracking bandwidth.

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Figure 23: Experimental and theoretical total integrated noise of a low-pass filtered white noise process for ...

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Review

Published 10 Jul 2017

Full text

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